Tag-arkiv: USA

Muslimer i USA

Pew Research Center har foretaget den hidtil mest omfattende meningsmåling blandt amerikanske muslimer til dato, hvilken undersøgelse viser en lang række positive og nogle få bekymrende tendenser.

Undersøgelsen (som jeg i dette indlæg har behandlet relativt selektivt) bekræfter, at amerikanske muslimer er langt bedre integreret (og måske endda i et vist omfang assimileret), mindre fundamentalistiske, mere patriotiske, veluddannede, velstillede og positivt indstillet overfor hårdt arbejde og at klare dem selv end europæiske muslimer. Nedenstående er lidt citater fra undersøgelsen:

Overall, Muslim Americans have a generally positive view of the larger society. Most say their communities are excellent or good places to live. As many Muslim Americans as members of the general public express satisfaction with the state of the nation. Moreover, 71% of Muslim Americans agree that most people who want to get ahead in the U.S. can make it if they are willing to work hard.

The poll reveals that Muslims in the United States reject Islamic extremism by larger margins than do Muslim minorities in Western European countries, when compared with results from a 2006 Pew Global Attitudes Project survey. However, there is somewhat more acceptance of Islamic extremism in some segments of the U.S. Muslim public than others. Fewer native-born African American Muslims than others completely condemn al Qaeda. In addition, younger Muslims in the U.S. are more likely than older Muslim Americans to express a strong sense of Muslim identity, and are much more likely to say that suicide bombing in the defense of Islam can be at least sometimes justified. Nonetheless, absolute levels of support for Islamic extremism among Muslim Americans are quite low, especially when compared with Muslims around the world.

[…]About half of Muslim Americans have attended college, which is somewhat lower than college attendance among the general public. However, Muslims’ annual incomes – and perceptions of personal finances – are fairly comparable with those of the public. Notably, more Muslim immigrants than native-born Muslims see themselves as well-off financially.

[…] Economically, family income among Muslim Americans is roughly comparable with that of the population as a whole.

The extent to which Muslims are integrated into the economic mainstream in America is in stark contrast to the position of Muslims living in four
major Western European nations. Surveys of Muslim populations in Great Britain, France, Germany and Spain conducted in 2006 as part of the Pew Global Attitudes Project found Muslims to be much less affluent relative to the general populations of those nations.

Et særligt interessant fænomen er, at indfødte amerikanske muslimer (hovedsaligt sorte) er langt mindre glade for USA og mindre tolerante end muslimske immigranter det være sig fra den arabiske verden, Asien, Afrika m.v. 71% af de adspurgte muslimer gav udtryk for at hårdt arbejde betaler sig i USA. Men 74% af de muslimske immigranter kunne støtte dette udsagn mod kun 64% af de indfødte (hvilket svarer til den amerikanske befolkning som helhed). 76% af de muslimske immigranter bedømmer deres lokalsamfund som excellent/good mod kun 65% af de indfødte muslimer (82% i den amerikanske befolkning som helhed).

Mest bemærkelsesværdigt blandt de positive tendenser er nok at 38% af amerikanske muslimer er tilfredse med tingenes tilstand i USA mod kun 32% i befolkningen som helhed. Heraf er 45% af de muslimske immigranter tilfredse og ligger således 13 procentpoint over den amerikanske befolkning som helhed, hvis undersøgelsens resultater står til troende. 47% af de muslimske immigranter mener man skal tilvænne sig amerikanske normer mens 21% mener man skal holde fast i egne værdier. For de indfødte amerikanske muslimer er tallene henholdsvis 37% og 38%.

Under halvdelen af amerikanske muslimer (47%) mener deres religion kommer før deres nationalitet mod 81% i Storbritannien (men 46% i Frankrig).

Det er også interessant at en større andel af amerikanske muslimer tager afstand fra, at moskeer skal give udtryk for politiske og sociale holdninger end amerikanske kristne mener at kirker skal give udtryk for ditto (49% mod 43%). Ligeledes går kristne amerikanere oftere i kirke end amerikanske muslimer går i moske (45% mod 40%).

Når det kommer til muslimsk ekstremisme giver 61% af amerikanske muslimer udtryk for bekymring. 60% blandt immigranter 66% blandt indfødte, men interessant nok giver 72% af de adspurgte arabiske immigranter udtryk for bekymring over muslimsk ekstremisme. Arabiske immigranter har dig en lidt højere tolerancetærskel overfor selvmordattentater end øvrige muslimer ”kun” 78% af arabiske muslimske immigranter mener at selvmordsangreb sjældent eller aldrig kan retfærdiggøres, mens tallet for samtlige amerikanske muslimer er 83% med 87% blandt indfødte.

Heller ikke Al-Qaeda kan regne med støtte blandt amerikanske muslimer, som kun 5% af disse har et positivt syn på mens 58% har et stærkt negativt syn og 10% har et noget negativt syn på. Det er også her interessant 63% af de muslimske immigranter har et stærkt negativt syn på Al-Qaeda mens kun 51% (36% blandt sorte!) har et stærkt negativt syn på Al-Qaeda.

De områder, hvor amerikanske muslimer afviger mest fra øvrige amerikanske befolkningsgrupper er krigen mod terror inklusiv krigene i Irak og Afghanistan. Kun henholdsvis 12 og 26% af amerikanske muslimer støtter op om krigene i henholdsvis Irak og Afghanistan mod 45% og 61% i befolkningen som helhed. Endvidere mener kun 26% af amerikanske muslimer, at krigen mod terror er udtryk for en ægte bestræbelse på at bekæmpe terrorisme. Tallet for den øvrige befolkning ligger på 67%. Mest bekymrende er dog at kun 40% af amerikanske muslimer mener, at arabere udførte terrorangrebet 11. september. Denne skræmmende statistik skal dog sammenlignes med at 1/3 af den amerikanske befolkning som helhed tilsyneladende mener, at regeringen enten udførte eller undlod at forhindre terrorangrebene 11. september.

Også når det kommer til synet på den rette størrelse af staten og støtte til demokraterne henholdsvis republikanerne afviger amerikanske muslimer fra den øvrige befolkning. Generelt ser amerikanske muslimer mere positivt på en større rolle for staten end den amerikanske befolkning som helhed (21% mod 45%), mens støtten til det demokratiske parti også er udtalt (63% mod 51%). Dette skal dog givetvis ses i lyset af krigen i Irak, idet 42% af de amerikanske muslimer i 2000 stemte på Præsident Bush.

Alt i alt synes undersøgelsen at give grobund for optimisme med hensyn til mulighederne for at integrere muslimer i liberale demokratier og undersøgelsen rokker kraftigt ved de deterministiske katastrofescenarier, som trives så vel i visse kredse. Når Mogens Camre udtaler, at ”forestillingen om ’fornuftige muslimer’, der støtter demokrati og menneskerettigheder, er en illusion”, skal han således ikke stoppes med strafferetlige sanktioner, men blot konfronteres med virkeligheden.

President Thompson? VI

 

Ok, det kan være, at jeg er begyndt at lyde så varieret som en hakket plade, men her kommer altså mere af Peggy Noonan og mere om Fred Thompsons præsidentkandidatur … Take it or leave it. Her fra hendes klumme i dagens Wall Street Journal:

The Man Who Wasn’t There

Fred Thompson isn’t yet running, but he’s running a great campaign.

 

“Having watched the second Republican debate the other night, it’s clear to me the subject today is Fred Thompson, the man who wasn’t there. While the other candidates bang away earnestly in a frozen format, Thompson continues to sneak up from the creek and steal their underwear–boxers, briefs and temple garments.

He is running a great campaign. It’s just not a declared campaign. It’s a guerrilla campaign whose informality is meant to obscure his intent. It has been going on for months and is aimed at the major pleasure zones of the Republican brain. In a series of pointed columns, commentaries and podcasts, Mr. Thompson has been talking about things conservatives actually talk about. Shouldn’t homeowners have the right to own a gun? Isn’t it bad that colleges don’t teach military history? How about that Sarkozy–good news, isn’t it? Did you see Tenet on Russert? His book sounds shallow, tell-all-y.

These comments and opinions are being read and forwarded in Internet Nation. They are revealing and interesting, but they’re not heavy, not homework. They have an air of “This is the sound of a candidate thinking.” That’s an unusual sound.

Most illustrative was what started this week as a small trading of barbs with provocateur Michael Moore, whose general and iconic dishabille is meant to show identification with the workingman, though in America workingmen bathe. Mr. Moore was back from Cuba, where he made a documentary on the superiority of Castro’s health care system. Mr. Thompson suggested Mr. Moore is just another lefty who loves dictators. Mr. Moore challenged Mr. Thompson to a health-care debate and accused him of smoking embargoed cigars.

Within hours Mr. Thompson and his supposedly nonexistent staff had produced a spirited video response that flew through YouTube and the conservative blogosphere. Sitting at a desk and puffing on a fat cigar, Mr. Thompson announces to Mr. Moore he can’t fit him into his schedule.

Then: “The next time you’re down in Cuba . . . you might ask them about another documentary maker. His name was Nicolás Guillén. He did something Castro didn’t like, and they put him in a mental institution for several years, giving him devastating electroshock treatments. A mental institution, Michael. Might be something you ought to think about.”

You couldn’t quite tell if Mr. Thompson was telling Mr. Moore he ought to think more about Cuba, or might himself benefit from psychiatric treatment. It seemed almost . . . deliberately unclear.

Right now Mr. Thompson has the best of both worlds, an air of fearlessness and nothing on the line. He hasn’t committed. He’s not in. He can take a chance and be himself because he’s not afraid, and he’s not afraid because he has nothing to lose.”

Hvis ikke andet, så er det da ikke det værste, man kan sige om en præsidentkandidat–og hvis han vil tale til og om Michael Moore på dén måde, så får han gerne min stemme mod HRC. Hvis jeg havde én.

 

Update: Mere om Thompsons ikke-kandidatur og hans slagsmål med Michael Moore.  Om sine embargo-belagte cubanske cigarer: “As to the cigars, they are the result of the generosity of a friend of mine who gives me a few from time to time. We intend to see to it that they are destroyed over the next few months.”

President Thompson? V

Her kommer så lidt mere om Fred Dalton Thompsons mulige præsidentkandidatur … Ikke-kandidaten har nu fået sit eget radioprogram og tilhørende blog, og det kunne jo godt tyde på en vis fremtidsinteresse udover skuespillerkarrieren. Hos britiske The Times mener man, at Thompson er den nye Reagan (hvilket vælgerne omvendt bestemt ikke mener, at G.W. Bush er), og Stuart Rothenberg, der er kendt som en af de mest seriøse og mest uafhængige kommentatorer af amerikansk politik, har i sin nye klumme, “Is Fred Thompson coming to the GOP’s rescue?”, bl.a. dette at sige:

I’ll admit that I have had a hard time warming to the idea that former Sen. Fred Thompson (R-Tenn.), whom I first saw as minority counsel during the Senate Watergate hearings and whose TV and movie credits include “Die Hard 2,” “The Hunt for Red October” and “Law & Order,” would run for president. And it seemed, at least initially, even more difficult to imagine him as the Republican nominee next year.

But try as I might to dismiss the idea of a Thompson candidacy, I no longer can do so. It isn’t that the former Senator from Tennessee is such a good fit for the role of presidential candidate. It’s simply that none of the other cast members is a perfect fit either.

As every political analyst on the planet has observed for months, all of the top-tier GOP hopefuls face serious obstacles on the road to Minneapolis, and there clearly is a vacancy in the race for a mainstream conservative who doesn’t have a reputation as a troublemaker within the party.

Thompson surely has assets both in the race for the Republican nomination and in a general election, the single most important being that he both looks and sounds like the president of the United States of America. Don’t dismiss the “he sure looks like a president” factor. It’s important.

But I’m not certain whether the former Tennessee official truly fills the vacancy in his party’s presidential field that was created when conservative Sen. George Allen’s (R-Va.) political career imploded. For now, at least, many conservatives seem to think that Thompson is acceptable, though I’m not sure how deeply they have looked into his record.

Anyway, Thompson didn’t offend conservatives when he was a Senator and he doesn’t have a pro-choice, pro-gun-control record, which makes him more acceptable to conservatives than either Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) or former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani. More recently, he has substituted for longtime radio commentator Paul Harvey, where he has sounded, according to one Republican observer, “like a conservative Southerner.”

Still, Thompson’s appeal is less about who he is and more about who he isn’t.

… Former Republican National Committee Chairman Ed Gillespie, who now chairs the Virginia GOP, recently told me that criticism of Thompson is not always on the mark, and some of it is reminiscent of criticism aimed at former President Ronald Reagan.

“He is easygoing and amiable,” says Gillespie, who is offering his advice to all candidates and emphasizes that he does not now have a candidate in the Republican race and will stay neutral throughout the contest for his party’s nomination. “And he is kind of laid-back. But Fred has been successful on a number of fronts.”

… Thompson has not yet decided whether to run, though some of his allies have been sounding out consultants about their availability, should he decide to go forward.

A Thompson run would be a serious, possibly fatal, blow to the prospects of former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney, who hopes to emerge (against either McCain or Giuliani) as the “conservative alternative.” Thompson would be a rival for that role, and the announcement of his candidacy would create at least a temporary boomlet that would eclipse Romney if the former governor had not already increased his standing in key polls.

Thompson’s announcement about whether he will make the race could come at any time, though nothing appears to be imminent. He actually may be better off delaying his entry until around the Iowa Straw Poll in August, bypassing an event that maximizes the importance of organization, which he doesn’t have and probably can’t create in a few months.

Anyway, I’m not dismissing Thompson anymore. Nature abhors a vacuum, and Fred Thompson may well have the ability to fill the one that exists in the GOP contest.”

Meningsmålere mener noget lignende.

Update: En anden London-avis, The Telegraph, har også fået øjnene op for potentialet i Thompson. I en artikel forleden hed det bl.a., at Reagans gamle støtter nu støtter Thompson:

“Ronald Reagan’s closest allies are throwing their weight behind the White House bid by the late president’s fellow actor, Fred Thompson.

The film star and former Republican senator from Tennessee will this week use a speech in the heart of Reagan country, in southern California, to woo party bigwigs in what insiders say is the next step in his coming out as a candidate.

A key figure in the Reagan inner circle has now given his seal of approval to Mr Thompson, best known as a star of the television crime drama Law and Order.

As deputy chief of staff, Michael Deaver was a key member of the “troika” of aides who kept the Reagan White House on track. With the chief of staff James Baker and special assistant Ed Meese, he was the master of image and presentation.

Mr Deaver sees the same raw material in Mr Thompson as was perceived in Ronald Reagan, describing him as someone “that could really make a difference”. He added: “He is very popular in his party. He could change this whole thing and turn this primary system upside down.

“As Ronald Reagan used to say, after he stole a line from Al Jolson, ‘Stay tuned, you ain’t seen nothing yet’.”

… Mr Deaver voiced the view of many Republicans that the current crop of declared candidates is unsatisfactory. Of the front runner, the former New York mayor Rudi Giuliani, he said: “His popularity may be a mile wide and an inch deep. I’m sure that lead will shrink.”

Mr Deaver’s intervention is significant. He is very close to Mr Reagan’s widow, Nancy, and is seen as the keeper of the Reagan flame.

Clark Judge, a White House speechwriter for Mr Reagan, said: “Fred Thompson, like Ronald Reagan, is a man of tremendous substance. There is a sense in the party that none of the candidates is quite ‘it’.”

Mr Reagan, he said, had “embodied the mission of the party – entrepreneurial growth, limited government and a strong national defence. Whoever can bring that mission into this age will be the nominee. And it may be Fred Thompson.” Roger Stone, who was a Reagan campaign strategist, said: “The president Americans want is, in fact, the guy they see on Law and Order: wise, thoughtful, deliberative, confident without the cockiness of George W Bush, urba
ne yet country. Fred Thomp
son communicates all those virtues.”

… Mr Thompson has shown that he recognises the importance of assuming the Reagan mantle. He is on record as saying: “Ronald Reagan believed in something. How much we need that today. He showed what can be done if you have the will to push for tough choices, and the ability to ask the people to accept them.”

Mr Reagan himself, asked whether his training as an actor had prepared him for the presidency, once replied: “I don’t see how any fellow that wasn’t an actor could do this job.”

Americans need not wait for Mr Thompson to win next year’s election to see him in the Oval Office. He plays President Ulysses S Grant in the film, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, which opens next month.”

Update II: Og New York Times har idag en laaaanng og grundlæggende ikke-negativ artikel.

Så se dog noget "Bullshit!" II

Denne punditokrat har tidligere prøvet at lokke læserne til at se magikerne Penn & Tellers “Bullshit”-serie på TV3+.  Hvis det ikke er lykkedes endnu, så kan jeg kun sige, at man i så fald gik glip af et storslået afsnit i går aftes om “The War on Drugs”.  Jeg er måske personligt mindre overbevist end d’herrer om narkotikas manglende negative effekter, men deres gennemgang af hvilke indgreb i borgernes frihed og andre drastiske og negative konsekvenser narkotikapolitikken indebærer, er ihvertfald svær at argumentere imod.  (Her er et link til YouTube’s tre dele af aftenens afsnit.)

Showet sluttede med en opsummering af programmets punkter i form af en “spoof” på en kendt amerikansk anti-narkotika reklame, men her med Penn, der i en bulldozer repræsenterende staten, kører henover en række æg, hvor hvert af disse er påskrevet en grundlæggende frihedsrettighed, som den amerikanske “Bill of Rights” angiveligt skulle sikre.  Klippet findes her

Meget mere frihedsorienteret end dét, bliver dansk TV næppe.

Principfaste kynikere til højre, generøse racister til venstre?

Er amerikanske højreorienterede kyniske og nærige med offentlige midler?  Det ville nogle måske tro.  Men er ditto venstreorienterede nok mere “ekspansive” men samtidigt i virkeligheden mere racistiske?  Hmmm.  Noget kunne tyde på det.

Indenfor de senere år er “laboratorie-eksperimenter” vundet meget frem indenfor samfundsvidenskaberne–især økonomi og politologi mens metoden naturligvis har lange rødder indenfor f.eks. sociologi og psykologi.   Dette blev mest synligt markeret i 2002 med Nobelprisen i økonomi til den gode (noget-mindre-end-minimalstats-)liberalist Vernon Smith, men en anden som ofte laver sjove, eller ihvertfald tankevækkende, eksperimenter er kommunikationsforskeren Shanto Iyengar fra Political Communication Lab på Stanford University.

Iyengar lavede sidste år i samarbejde med The Washington Post/washingtonpost.com et eksperiment i kølvandet på “Hurricane Katrina”, hvor han bad 2.300 deltagende “forsøgskaniner” læse en nyhedsartikel om et menneske, der var blevet ramt af orkanen.  Nogle fik en avishistorie om en “hvid” amerikaner, mens andre fik identiske versioner af historien men hvor personens oprindelse var latin-amerikansk, asiatisk eller afrikansk.  Forsøgspersonerne blev herefter spurgt om, hvor megen hjælp de syntes den nødlidende person skulle have fra det offentlige.  Totalt set ville deltagerne give mindre til “sorte” end til “hvide”:

“[The] study found that people were less likely to give extended aid to black Hurricane Katrina victims than to white ones. The race penalty, on average, totaled about $1,000 per black victim.

As Iyengar and his colleagues subsequently dug deeper into these data, another finding emerged: Republicans consistently gave less aid, and gave over a shorter period of time, to victims regardless of race.

Democrats and independents were far more generous; on average, they gave Katrina victims on average more than $1,500 a month, compared with $1,200 for Republicans, and for 13 months instead of nine.

But for Democrats, race mattered — and in a disturbing way. Overall, Democrats were willing to give whites about $1,500 more than they chose to give to a black or other minority. (Even with this race penalty, Democrats still were willing to give more to blacks than those principled Republicans.) “Republicans are likely to be more stringent, both in terms of money and time, Iyengar said. “However, their position is ‘principled’ in the sense that it stems from a strong belief in individualism (as opposed to handouts). Thus their responses to the assistance questions are relatively invariant across the different media conditions. Independents and Democrats, on the other hand, are more likely to be affected by racial cues.”

Se, det var jo interessant, al den stund at det går ganske meget kontra den almindelige visdom.

Vi kender ikke Iyengars egen politiske observans, men han kommer fra et af de mest “højreorienterede” universiteter i USA–hvor forskerne indenfor samfundsvidenskab er ca. tre Demokrater/grønne/etc. for hver Republikaner/libertarianer.  Han vil ifølge Washington Post ikke gå så langt som at kalde de venstreorienterede forsøgspersoner for racister:

“I wouldn’t put it quite so starkly,” said Stanford University professor Shanto Iyengar. He would prefer to call Democrats “less principled” rather than bigoted, based on his analysis of data collected …

Iyengar said he’s not surprised by the latest findings: “This pattern of results matches perfectly an earlier study I did on race and crime” with Franklin D. Gilliam Jr. of UCLA. “Republicans supported tough treatment of criminals no matter what they encountered in the news. Others were more elastic in their position, coming to support more harsh measures when the criminal suspect they encountered was non-white.”

President Thompson? IV

Fred Thompsons positioneren fortsætter ufortrødent. Senest med et indlæg i National Review, hvor han i kølvandet på tragedien på Virginia Tech slår til lyd for retten til at bære skjulte våben:

The statistics are clear. Communities that recognize and grant Second Amendment rights to responsible adults have a significantly lower incidence of violent crime than those that do not. More to the point, incarcerated criminals tell criminologists that they consider local gun laws when they decide what sort of crime they will commit, and where they will do so.

Thompson kritiserer Virginia Techs våbenpolitik, der i modsætning til, hvad der ellers gælder for delstaten forbyder studerende og lærere at bære våben: 

Virginians asked their legislators to change the university’s “concealed carry” policy to exempt people 21 years of age or older who have passed background checks and taken training classes. The university, however, lobbied against that bill, and a top administrator subsequently praised the legislature for blocking the measure.

The logic behind this attitude baffles me, but I suspect it has to do with a basic difference in worldviews. Some people think that power should exist only at the top, and everybody else should rely on “the authorities” for protection.

Despite such attitudes, average Americans have always made up the front line against crime. Through programs like Neighborhood Watch and Amber Alert, we are stopping and catching criminals daily. Normal people tackled “shoe bomber” Richard Reid as he was trying to blow up an airliner. It was a truck driver who found the D.C. snipers. Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that civilians use firearms to prevent at least a half million crimes annually.

Hvad enten man er enig med Thompson eller ej er det en modig udmelding på et tidspunkt, hvor mange politikere ville være tilbøjelige til at stramme våbenlovgivning. Indlægget vil givetvis appellere stærkt til både social-conservatives og libertære dele af det det republikanske parti, og placerer Thompson solidt til højre for både Guiliani og Mccain.

 

 

 

President Thompson? III

Vores tidligere redaktør har i et par poster (her og her) fulgt Fred Thompsons (mulige) præsidentkanditatur vinde momentum.

Nu har Weekly Standard også meldt sig i koret, som vurderer Fred Thompson som en seriøs (potential) republikansk præsidentkandidat.

Fred Thompson selv har heller ikke just lagt låg på spekulationerne. F.eks. havde han sidste uge et indlæg i Wall Street Journal.

I indlægget positionerer Thompson sig fint, som den manglende “Reagan kandidat”, som så mange republikanere skriger efter. Indlægget handler nemlig om de gavnlige virkninger af skattelettelser:

Now, as before, politicians are itching to fund their pet projects with the short-term revenue increases that come from tax hikes, ignoring the long-term pain they always cause. Unfortunately, the tax cuts that have produced our record-breaking government revenues and personal incomes will expire soon. Because Congress has failed to make them permanent, we are facing the worst tax hike in our history. Already, worried investors are trying to figure out what the financial landscape will look like in 2011 and beyond.

This issue is particularly important now because massive, unfunded entitlements are coming due as the baby-boom generation retires. We simply cannot afford higher taxes if we want an economy able to bear up under the strain of those obligations. And beyond the issue of our annual federal budget is the nearly $9 trillion national debt that we have not even begun to pay off.

To face these challenges, and any others that we might encounter in a hazardous world, we need to maintain economic growth and healthy tax revenues. That is why we need to reject taxes that punish rather than reward success. Those who say they want a “more progressive” tax system should be asked one question:

Are you really interested in tax rates that benefit the economy and raise revenue–or are you interested in redistributing income for political reasons?

Retorik som ovenstående har man selvfølgelig hørt mange gange før fra republikanere, der varmer op til valgkamp. Men ifølge ovennævnte artikel fra Weekly Standard er der måske noget om snakken. For da Thompson førte valgkamp i Tennessee var hans valgkamp baseret på:

a strong small-government–even antigovernment–message. “America’s government is bringing America down, and the only thing that can change that is a return to the basics,” he said. “We will get back to basics and make the sacrifices and once again amaze the world at how, in America, ordinary people can do very extraordinary things.” Thompson emphasized issues that would appeal to disaffected voters–making laws apply to the members of Congress who pass them; congressional pay raises; entitlement reform.

Det lyder ikke dårligt omend en “anti-government” politik, næppe kan gennemføres i andet end særdeles udvandet form, hvad enten en fremtidig Præsident Thompson skulle have en demokratisk eller republikansk domineret kongres at tøjle med. Dertil er der for mange politikere i begge partier der – i praksis – er mest interesserede i den sidste af de af Thompson opstillede valgmuligheder.

 

 

 

 

President Thompson? II

Den amerikanske konservative kommentator Robert Novak (alias “The Prince of Darkness”) er enig med mig & Punditokraterne: D.v.s. Law & Order-skuespilleren, fhv. senator Fred D. Thompson rykker og kan rykke mere:

“I met Fred Thompson in 1974 as Howard Baker’s 31-year-old minority counsel on the Watergate investigation. I considered him cool, careful and conservative. He still is, and that is how he would run for president, which appears in the offing.”

Thompson ligger nu på ca. 10 pct. af stemmerne i meningsmålingsgennemsnittene hos RealClearPolitics. com, og hos Intrade.com handles han til knap 20, hvilket reelt er på niveau med McCain og klart foran alle andre Republikanske kandidater end Giuliani.

Selv den ene af Berlingske Tidendes to USA-korrespondenter er nu blevet opmærksom på Thompson–sådan cirka to uger efter vi skrev om ham her på stedet. Men de har jo også travlt med så meget andet vigtigt og seriøs journalistik.

President Thompson?

Siden George Allens kampagne–og politiske karriere–imploderede så ynkeligt sidste år, har den del af det Republikanske Parti, der i mangel af bedre, bedst kan betegnes som “Reagan-fløjen” stået uden en naturlig kandidat. Nej, faktisk har man stået uden nogen kandidat. Det har fået mange til at se sig rundt omkring, for om der dog ikke kunne være nogen, man kunne stille op. Én, der ikke som McCain er sådan lidt småupålidelig, når det gælder statslig indblanding i økonomien. Én der ikke, som Giuliani, reelt er så ukonservativ, at det gør noget. Én der ikke, som Mitt Romney, er mormon. Og én der ikke–øvrige kvaliteter uberørt–som Newt Gingrich har omtrent lige så høje negative “ratings” som O.J. Simpson. Nå ja, og så gerne én, der er relativt kendt, ikke er en levebrødspolitiker, og er udbredt velllidt. En slags Reagan.

Om det er dét–en CABAL eller “talent contest” organiseret af Heritage Foundation m.fl.–der er ved at manifestere sig nu, skal jeg ikke kunne sige, men lige pludselig er der ved at tegne sig billedet af en mulighed, der ihvertfald er interessant.

Og så skifter vi lige emne–et øjeblik.

Jeg har i mere end et årti (faktisk siden jeg fulgte første sæson i USA i begyndelsen af 1990erne) været en inkarneret fan af den amerikanske krimi-koncern/serie “Law & Order” (som nu er den længst kørende serie i TV-historien). Ok, ikke alle “spin-offs” er lige gode–jeg er f.eks. ikke meget begejstret for “Law & Order: Special Victims Unit”, og “Law & Order: Trial By Jury” nåede aldrig at slå igennem. Men originalserien–også de gamle afsnit–er altid værd at se (igen og igen, som man kan næsten hver aften på Hallmark), og det samme er “Law & Order: Criminal Intent” med den fabelagtigt excentriske Vincent D’Onofrio (som Kanal 5 viser herhjemme–midt om natten). Og jeg var særligt glad for nogle sæsoner siden, da man til originalserien skulle finde en ny offentlig anklager. I et årti havde Steven Hill spillet rollen som den gamle sure District Attorney, og det havde han gjort perfekt. Derefter overtog Diane Wiest i en sæson eller to, men hun var ikke spor sej, og det lignende en gang “lad os prøve noget andet med en, der ikke er en gammel, hvid mand”. Og hvem tog de så? En erfaren skuespiller, der samtidig passede godt til rollen, fordi han er gammel advokat og ved, hvordan det er at stille op til valg: Den fhv. Republikanske senator Fred D. Thompson.

Det glædede mig særligt, fordi jeg–udover længe at have syntes, at han var en god skuespiller (bl.a. i Clint Eastwoods “In the Line of Fire” og i flere andre, hvor han typisk spiller præsident, stabschef eller efterretningsmand)–havde bemærket to ting ved ham: At han havde et klart liberalistisk islæt i sine holdninger, og at han–i modsætning til de fleste politikere–bevidst fravalgte at blive karrierepolitiker i resten af sin levetid. Han trak sig således frivilligt efter blot halvanden periode i senatet, og i de otte år han sad der, opnåede han p.b.a. sin stemmeadfærd at blive klassificeret som “libertarian” af Republican Liberty Caucus, som “ratede” ham 70 af 100 på personlig frihed og 87 af 100 på økonomisk frihed. Meget kunne have set anderledes ud, om andre medlemmer af kongressen stemte på den måde–eller hvis en præsident stod for noget lignende.

Og så kommer vi tilbage til emnet … For andre har tænkt det samme, og i den seneste uge har noget tydet på, at Thompson nu pludselig er i spil som uerklæret kandidat og Republikansk “dark horse”:

“Thompson, who plays district attorney Arthur Branch on NBC’s drama Law & Order, said Sunday that he’s going to “leave the door open” and make a decision in the coming months.

“I’m going to wait and see what happens,” Thompson said. “I want to see my colleagues on the campaign trial, what they say, what they emphasize, whether they can carry the ball next November.”

“I think people are somewhat disillusioned. A lot of people are cynical out there. They’re looking for something different,” he said.”

Det er muligt, at det ikke er alvorligt ment. Det er muligt, at det ikke bliver til noget. Det er muligt, at det slet ikke ville være noget at råbe hurra for. Men det er ihvertfald en ganske interessant udvikling–og der er (selvfølgelig) allerede en impromptu “Draft Fred 08”-kampagne, ligesom der er TV-klip og kommentarer bl.a. her. Her er Wall Street Journals indsigtsfulde politiske redaktør, John Fund, med en historie fra dagens avis:

Lights, Camera . . . Candidacy?
Fred Thompson is shaking up the GOP presidential field. And he’s not even running yet.

BY JOHN FUND
Saturday, March 17, 2007 12:01 a.m. EDT

NEW YORK–“Expect her to recount every moment of her ordeal,” the savvy district attorney mused to his deputy. “There won’t be a dry eye in the jury.”

“That’s a take!” says a director of the hit NBC series “Law and Order.” With that, Fred Thompson, the former U.S. senator from Tennessee who has played “strict constructionist” prosecutor Arthur Branch for the past four years, walks back with me to his dressing room to talk about a new role he might soon be undertaking: surprise Republican presidential candidate.

It is a slightly surreal setting to be talking big-league politics. But not unprecedented. In 1965, Ronald Reagan held early strategy meetings on his nascent race for governor of California on the set of “Death Valley Days.” In 2003, Arnold Schwarzenegger stepped off a plane from a world-wide publicity tour for his last “Terminator” film and immediately huddled with advisers on his own campaign for governor. Both men effectively used their celebrity status to completely transform the races they entered.

So too may Fred Thompson. When we meet on Thursday night, it’s only been four days since he appeared on Fox News to merely announce he was “looking at” running. Chuck Todd, the political director of NBC News, notes in amazement how “a retired senator can show a tiny bit of interest and literally shake up the race overnight.”

And he is shaking up the race. Every GOP candidate is nervously watching the reaction to his possible entry. J.C. Watts, an Oklahoma congressman from 1995 to 2003, has endorsed him: “I define Fred Thompson as AC, what’s AC? All class.”

Fan blogs for “Law and Order”
note that since the show
is especially popular among women, a Thompson race could help close the GOP’s “gender gap.” The most pithy comment is from Craig Hammond, a former mayor of Bluefield, W.Va. He told the Bluefield News: “He’s the tall timber we’ve been waiting for. He’s the total package. He can hold the red states and pick up a few blue ones along the way.”

But Mr. Thompson appears serene about all the speculation swirling around him. “Those running are all good guys, and would be good presidents,” he says leaning back in a recliner. “But there are truly vital issues–from the looming entitlement crisis to nuclear proliferation–I’m not afraid to talk about. Lots of people have such a low regard for politicians that they’re open to a campaign that would be completely different.”

So how would a possible Thompson campaign be distinctive? “Politics is now one big 24-hour news cycle, but we seem to spend less time than ever on real substance,” he muses. “What if someone harnessed the Internet and other technologies and insisted in talking about real issues in more depth than consultants would advise? What if they took risks with their race in hopes that the risks to our children could be reduced through building a mandate for good policy?”

Bluntly put, Fred Thompson had a reputation for being lazy in wanting to do the political chores that come with office. People openly question if he has “the fire in the belly” to really make a serious race.

“They used to say I moved slowly,” he chuckles. “But I move deliberately. I won every one of my races by more than 20 points in a state Clinton carried twice.”

On issues, he addresses head-on the major complaints conservatives have about his record. He was largely stymied in his 1997 investigation of both Clinton-Gore and GOP campaign fund-raising abuses: Key witnesses declined to testify or fled the country, though evidence eventually surfaced of a Chinese plan to influence U.S. politics. He won’t argue with those who say he showed “naiveté” about how he would be stonewalled in his investigation. He says he’s wiser now.

Many on the right remain angry he supported the campaign finance law sponsored by his friend John McCain. “There are problems with people giving politicians large sums of money and then asking them to pass legislation,” Mr. Thompson says. Still, he notes he proposed the amendment to raise the $1,000 per person “hard money” federal contribution limit.

Conceding that McCain-Feingold hasn’t worked as intended, and is being riddled with new loopholes, he throws his hands open in exasperation. “I’m not prepared to go there yet, but I wonder if we shouldn’t just take off the limits and have full disclosure with harsh penalties for not reporting everything on the Internet immediately.”

Mr. Thompson has also been criticized for failing to back some comprehensive tort-reform bills because of his background as a trial lawyer. Here he insists his stance was based on grounds of federalism. “I’m consistent. I address Federalist Society meetings,” he says, noting that more issues should be left to the states. For example, he cast the lonely “nay” in 99-1 votes against a national 0.8% blood alcohol level for drivers, a federal law banning guns in schools, and a measure limiting the tort liability of Good Samaritans. “Washington overreaches, and by doing so ends up not doing well the basics people really care about.” Think Katrina and Walter Reed.

Indeed, the federal government’s inability to function effectively would likely be a major theme of any Thompson campaign. “Audits have shown we’ve lost control of the waste and mismanagement in our most important agencies. It’s getting so bad it’s affecting our national security.”

Mr. Thompson says that while a senator he was long concerned with U.S. intelligence failures. “The CIA has better politicians than it has spies,” he says, referring to the internecine turf wars that have been a feature of the Bush administration.

A key problem, Mr. Thompson notes, is a general lack of accountability in government, where no one pays any price for failure. When asked about President Bush’s awarding the Medal of Freedom to outgoing CIA Director George Tenet after U.S. intelligence failures in Iraq became apparent, he shakes his head: “I just didn’t understand that.”

The next president, according to Mr. Thompson, needs to exercise strong leadership “and get down in the weeds and fix a civil-service system that makes it too hard to hire good employees and too hard to fire bad ones.” He doesn’t offer specifics on what to do, but notes the “insanity” of the new Congress pushing for the unionization of homeland security employees only five years after it rejected the notion in the wake of 9/11. “Should we tie ourselves up in bureaucratic knots with the challenges we may have to face?” he asks in wonderment.

The challenges, he says, are numerous. On Iraq, he admits “we are left with nothing but bad choices.” However, he says the “worst choice” would be to have Osama bin Laden proven right when he predicted America wouldn’t have the stomach for a tough fight. The costs of Iraq have been high, but they could be even higher “if we have another stain on America like that infamous scene from Saigon 1975 in which our helicopters took off leaving those who supported us grabbing at the landing skids.”

Mr. Thompson is especially worried about nuclear proliferation. He serves as chairman of the International Security Advisory Board, along with former Clinton CIA Director Jim Woolsey and former Democratic Sen. Chuck Robb. The board recently received an unclassified briefing that convinced him three or four countries in the Middle East are “on the cusp” of acquiring nuclear weapons should the Iranians carry through with their own weapons program.

He urges continued pressure on Iran, which he says has grave domestic problems. “Iran may fall of its own weight, and we can help that by offering vocal support to dissident groups and making effective use of the airwaves to reach its people.”

On domestic issues, Mr. Thompson says a major reason Republicans lost last November was that they aided and abetted runaway government spending. Yet Democrats, he contends, are incapable of following through on their pledges to be fiscally prudent. “Their political coalition needs more revenue like a car requires gasoline,” he laughs. “Reagan showed what can be done if you have the will to push for tough choices and the ability to ask the people to accept them.”

But Mr. Thompson says those tough choices shouldn’t include the tax increases contemplated in the new budget released by Senate Democrats this week. “The phony static accounting the government uses has obscured just how successful the 2003 tax cuts have been in boosting the economy,” he says. “Lower marginal tax rates have proven to be a key to prosperity now by Kennedy, Reagan and Bush. It’s time millionaires serving in the Senate learned not to overly tax other people trying to get wealthy.”

Mr. Thompson says he can compete with Democrats in talking plainly about the anxiety many Americans have about the economy, despite good macro numbers. “Someone who is 18 today may well have 10 employers in their career,” he says. “That’s completely different from how their parents lived. I would address that insecurity and help people adapt without shooting ourselves in the foot with protectionism and income redistribution. I had 10 employers before I finished law school.”

Fred Thompson clearly hasn’t decided whether to run for president; and he underestimates just how much the traditional fund-raising he disdains may be necessary for his long-shot campaign. But he has assets that add up to an impressive portfolio.

As Republican counsel in the Watergate hearings, he began building a reputation as a straight-shooter. It was he who asked the question that forced a White House deputy to admit that Richard Nixon had

secretly recorded his Oval Office conversations.

Later in the 1970s he played a key role in exposing a Tennessee cash-for-pardons scandal; his acting career began when he won the part of playing himself in the 1985 movie version of the story. Today, his national exposure is greater than ever with a dozen of his movies playing as TV repeats. All of this month he is substituting for radio legend Paul Harvey, whose show is heard on more than 1,200 stations.

So many voters remain unsold on any of the current GOP contenders that Mr. Thompson just might trade his TV sound stage for a campaign microphone. As this is the first truly open Republican nomination fight in decades, the party might as well revel in the competition it claims to cherish in other parts of life. “

Det kunne–set fra dette ringhjørne–godt være meget værre–og det er ihvertfald interessant. Hvis Thompson bestemmer sig for at forsøge, er mit gæt, at han vil få en stor del af de tvivlende republikanske primærvalgsvægere, spise størstedelen af Gingrichs tilslutning, meget af Romneys, en del af McCains og noget af Giulianis, og at det i sidste ende vil kunne blive et valg mellem ham og sidstnævnte. Men jeg har taget voldsomt fejl før

And now for something completely different …

Jeg har lyst til for en gangs skyld at delagtiggøre læsere af denne blog i en af mine regelmæssige JP-klummer.  Den handler om et emne, jeg ikke skriver meget om, men tænker desto mere over.  Den kommer imorgen (lørdag), men her er den:


En rigtig yankee 


DR2 har netop udsendt hvad der for mine penge er den bedste tv-dokumentarserie, der nogensinde er lavet, nemlig Ken Burns' "Den amerikanske Borgerkrig" fra 1990.

Trods at film ikke var opfundet i 1861-65, da krigen blev ført, får seeren en lige så uforklarlig som voldsom fornemmelse af bevægelse og spænding.  Burns brugte år på at samle fotos, kobberstik og aviser og på at filme slagmarkerne, hvoraf de fleste heldigvis i dag henligger urørte som nationalparker.

Burns lader også nutidige historikere komme til orde.  Den bedste af dem er nu afdøde Shelby Foote, der brugte 30 år på at skrive hvad der stadig er det bedste enkeltværk om krigen.  Værket, der omfatter 2000 sider, hedder bare "The Civil War" og er blandt de få moderne historievidenskabelige værker, der kan hævde rang af litteratur.

Læser man udover Foote det andet store nutidige værk om krigen, James McPhersons "The Civil War Era" fra 1988, vil man være velorienteret om den krig, der for mig i al fald mere end nogen anden repræsenterer krigens sande væsen, således som det var indtil Første Verdenskrig.

Foote var sydstatsmand og værket er præget af en bevægende blanding af vemod og indsigt.  Sydstaterne måtte tabe krigen, og deres sag var tvivlsom, men de kæmpede heltemodigt og den særlige sydstatskultur, som gik under efter krigen, omfattede langt mere end blot slaveri og racisme.  Ligesom forfatteren Julien Green opfattede Foote sig i nogen grad som statsborger i et land, der ikke længere eksisterede, og som faktisk kun havde eksisteret i fire år, nemlig Confederate States of America.

Hvad er det, der rører så mange af os så dybt, når vi læser Foote eller ser Burns?  Det er ikke tabstallene alene, selvom krigen kostede 600.000 livet, hvad der ville svare til, at Danmark på fire år mistede 100.000 af sine bedste unge mænd.  Det er i hvert fald ikke de mange uduelige generaler, de ofte korrupte leverandører af proviant, våben og udstyr, de bekymrede finansfolk i New York eller de patetiske journalister.

Nej, for mig i al fald er det vidnesbyrdene om soldaternes tålmodige, uklynkende, selvfølgelige offervilje og heltemod, som vi mærker den i deres næsten altid smukt håndskrevne breve.  Det er den svulmende stolthed, taknemmelighed og ærbødighed, jeg føler for mænd, der var frie borgere i et demokrati, og som ikke af dette demokrati var gjort svage, feje eller bange for ansvar.  Disse 17-20-årige knægte udviste en modenhed, mange på to-tre gange deres alder i vore dage ikke kan mønstre.

En af de knægte var min oldefar, og det er endnu en grund til at den krig altid vil bevæge mig.

Det er kun fornylig, jeg takket være mormonernes genealogiske internet-databaser har kunnet pejle mig frem til dele af hans historie.  Ingen af hans breve er såvidt jeg ved bevaret.  Jeg har dog af en kusine i Canada fået et fotografi af ham, taget i 1918.  Jeg ligner ham overhovedet ikke.

George Washington Lewis, som han hed, blev født som nr. fire af otte børn af en grovsmed i Philadelphia i 1839.  Familien var kommet fra England i 1740.  Da krigen brød ud i 1861, meldte han sig frivilligt (værnepligten kom først to år senere) og blev indrulleret i Pennsylvanias 61. infanteriregiment, som blev sendt til Potomac-arméen.

Det var den armé, der ifølge de første års krigsplan for Nordstaterne skulle udføre hvad mange, dog ikke præsident Abraham Lincoln, troede var en let opgave, at marchere de 160 km til Sydstaternes hovedstad Richmond og kvæle dette latterlige oprør.  Det skulle tage fire år.

I forsommeren 1862 var det 61. regiment med i den lige så selvglade som uduelige hærchef George McClellans forsøg på at omgå sydstatshæren ved at gå i land på Virginias kyst og tage Richmond bagfra.  De overtallige nordstatstropper led hårde tab og måtte efter uger i den ulidelige, fugtige hede indskibe sig igen.

I juli 1863 nåede sydstatsoffensiven sit nordligste punkt i tredagesslaget ved Gettysburg i Pennsylvania.  George var også her med, men hans regiment kom ikke i kamp.  Det vogtede Potomac-arméens yderste højre flanke, som sydstatsgeneralen Robert Lee skæbnesvangert for ham undlod at løbe over ende på slagets første dag.

I maj 1864 indledte Ulysses Grant Potomac-arméens offensiv lige mod Lees hovedstyrke.  Midt under de usandsynligt blodige kampe blev George taget til fange ved Spottsylvania og sendt til den berygtede fangelejr i Andersonville i Georgia.  13.000 af de 45.000 indsatte omkom af sult og sygdom.  Det skal siges at også mange sydstatsfolk sultede i 1864.

I december 1864 udvekslede Syd og Nord fanger, og George kom hjem.  14 år senere ægtede han min oldemor, og min farfar blev født i 1887.  Da var George 47 og boede i New York, hvor han drev en bog- og papirhandel på nedre Manhattan.  Han døde 90 år gammel i 1929.  Min far har kendt ham.

George var en rigtig yankee.

Skolevås i USA igen igen

Bertel Haarder er, forlyder det, en realistisk mand begavet med en god portion sund fornuft.  Derfor har han holdt sig tilbage fra at komme med helt så åndssvage målsætninger som Bush-administrationen i USA, der, som Steve Sailer her viser, fortsætter med at forfægte en politik, alle med sig selv ved er bygget på løgn og medfører kolossalt spild.  Det er endnu et eksempel på det som Timur Kuran for en del år tilbage analyserede i bogen "Public Lies, Private Preferences" med køns- og racekvoteringspolitikkerne som eksempel.  Pointen for liberale og for demokrater i almindelighed er, at det er dybt forkvaklende og usundt for en politisk kultur hvis magthaverne og de intellektuelt toneangivende fører og anbefaler politik baseret på ting, de pgl. selv ved er løgn, i dette tilfælde dogmet om alles ens evner.  Endnu mere forkvaklende er det, når politik baseret på løgn anbefales som moralsk og etisk påkrævet.  Så er der for alvor lagt i kakkelovnen til unødvendige katastrofer.

En realistisk politik på uddannelsesområdet vil tjene alle bedre.

Ugens citat: Dave Barry om frihed

På det amerikanske Marquette University har institutlederen for Dept. of Philosophy, James South, beordret en ph.d. studerende, Stuart Ditsler, til at fjerne et “patently offensive” citat, som den studerende havde placeret på sin kontordør på instituttet.  Citatet var af den meget vittige amerikanske humorist (og libertarianer) Dave Barry, som er forfatter til bl.a. bestsellerne Dave Barry Hits Below the Beltway: A Vicious and Unprovoked Attack on Our Most Cherished Political Institutions (2002), Dave Barry Slept Here og utallige morsomme klummer.  Citatet lød sådan:

“As Americans we must always remember that we all have a common enemy, an enemy that is dangerous, powerful, and relentless.  I refer, of course, to the federal government.”

Så meget for “academic free speech”.  Mere her fra Cato Institute.

Amnesty om den amerikanske trussel mod menneskerettighederne

Menneskerettighedsbevægelsen har udviklet sig fra at være forsvarere af undertrykte mennesker til at være arnested for venstrefløjens drømme om en internationale verdensorden baseret på et abstrakt menneskerettighedsbegreb, der – set med klassisk liberale øjne – kun kan medføre den totale ophævelse af de klassiske menneskerettigheder, som liberalismen var bannerfører for. På den baggrund er det ikke overraskende, at menneskerettighedsbevægelsen også deler venstrefløjens antipati overfor USA. Et godt eksempel herpå er den danske afdeling af Amnesty, der i en nylig meddelelse vedrørende de påståede fangemishandlinger i Afghanistan kom med følgende bemærkelsesværdige udsagn:

USA’s systematiske undergravelse af centrale menneskerettigheder i krigen mod terror er den største trussel mod respekten for menneskerettighederne i dag.

Ovenstående udsagn fik mig til at fare i blækhuset og JP var så venlige at bringe mit debatindlæg, som midtpunkt i dagens udgave, hvilket kan læses her.

E-mail fra Milton Friedman

I sidste uge kunne man i Wall Street Journal læse noget så forunderligt som en relativt ny e-mail fra den nysafdøde Nobelprisvinder i økonomi, Milton Friedman (1912-2006) (omfangsrigt omtalt her på stedet, både her og her).  Konkret drejede det sig om et e-mail interview i forbindelse med en artikel i avisen sidste sommer.  Interviewet var som altid interessant, og der er nok et svar eller to, der vil kunne få stort set enhver til at blive overrasket mindst én gang.  Her er et længere uddrag:

Are you still a strong supporter of flexible exchange rates, even for developing countries?

Friedman: Yes. Economic forces affecting different countries are not always the same. The right exchange rate for a country in general may be one thing one time and another thing another time. A country that pegs the exchange rate is essentially committing itself to adopt the economic policies of the country whose currency it is pegged to. If it does that by pegging the exchange rate, it will always be under pressure as circumstances change to take advantage of the pegged exchange rate when they can and get into a position which is untenable.

The case of Argentina is the most dramatic and clearest case about that. Either a country should explicitly become part of the economic system of another country, as it could by dollarizing its currency as Panama has done, or else it seems to me it is best off by allowing the market to determine the value of its currency and in that way adjust to changes in the relative economic pressures on different countries. But flexible exchange rates are not a panacea for all evils. Governments can follow bad economic policies with either flexible or fixed exchange rates.

Do tax cuts pay for themselves?

Friedman: Occasionally. But revenue loss is almost always less than static prediction.

Do you have any favorite candidates for president in 2008?

Friedman: No.

Is inflation-targeting the right medicine for monetary policy? If so, how would you do it?

Friedman: It is a good medicine with the present institutions. And recent experience suggests that it is doable. Targeting central banks have been able to hit their targets. Basic way to do it is to keep quantity of money growing at a rate equal to target plus trend rate of real growth. Full discussion beyond the scope of email.

What is the biggest risk to the world economy: America's deficits? Energy insecurity? Environment? Terrorism? None of the above?

Friedman: Islamofascism, with terrorism as its weapon.

What are your thoughts on the low U.S. savings rate?

Friedman: The right saving rate is whatever satisfies the tastes and preferences of the public in a free and unbiased capital market. Market can adjust to any rate. This is a very complicated question. Present estimates probably understate actual savings because of treatment of capital gains. In any event, the present situation does not raise any problems for the economy.

India–how do you assess its prospects?

Friedman: Fifty years ago, as a consultant to the Indian minister of finance, I wrote a memo in which I said that India had a great potential but was stagnating because of collectivist economic policies. India has finally started to disband those collectivist policies and is reaping its reward. If they can continue dismantling the collectivist policies, their prospects are very bright.

Any thoughts on a China versus India comparison?

Friedman: Yes. Note the contrast. China has maintained political and human collectivism while gradually freeing the economic market. This has so far been very successful but is heading for a clash, since economic freedom and political collectivism are not compatible. India maintained political democracy while running a collectivist economy. It is now unwinding the latter, which will strengthen freedom of all kinds, so in that respect it is in a better position than China.

Bush-administrationen og Afrika

I forbindelse med bisættelsen af den tidligere amerikanske præsident, Gerald R. Ford, forsøgte New York Times-skribenten, Nicholas D. Kristof, sig for nylig udi genren ‘fremtidige nekrologer’. “Hvad vil præsident George W. Bush blive husket for?” var det spørgsmål, Kristof stillede sig selv.

Ikke overraskende var hovedvægten i Kristofs foruddiskontering af den siddende præsidents eftermæle lagt på Bush-administrationens mindre succesfulde håndtering af Irak-spørgsmålet, det militære instruments fremtrædende placering i udenrigspolitikken, krigen mod terror og – hvad skribenten betragtede som – Bushs og republikanernes benhårde blokpolitik i den indenrigspolitiske arena. Grundtonen var stærkt misbilligende og bebrejdende, og dermed i alt væsentlig helt på linje med de fleste europæeres syn på W. fra Texas.

Der er imidlertid sider af Bush-juniors udenrigspolitik, som burde give anledning til mere begejstrede og panegyriske toner hos såvel Nicolas D. Kristof, der ofte skriver engageret om sociale anliggender, som hos Bush-basherne på denne side af Atlanten. Sider, som retfærdigvis bør blive en del af den siddende præsidents eftermæle.

I årene efter at europæernes yndling, Bill Clinton, tog afsked med Det Hvide Hus i 2001, er USA’s humanitære hjælp og udviklingsbistand til Afrika – ifølge nyligt offentliggjorte OECD-tal – nemlig mere end tredoblet. Da Bush trådte til beløb Washingtons samlede Afrika-hjælp sig til 1,4 milliarder dollars; i dag er samme budgetpost forøget til mere end 4 milliarder dollars. Og som om det ikke var nok: i forbindelse med G8-mødet i Gleneagles i 2005 lovede Bush yderligere en fordobling af Afrika-hjælpen frem til 2010, hvor USA’s hjælp til Afrika bliver på 8,6 milliarder dollars.

Samtidig med at den siddende administration således har gennemført en betydelig opjustering af Clintons uanseelige Afrika-indsats, har Bush-regeringen iværksat to omfattende og ressourcekrævende sundhedsprogrammer til bekæmpelse af AIDS og malaria i en lang række afrikanske lande. For begge programmers vedkommende er det sket efter pres fra USA’s kristne højrefløj. De ambitiøse mål for de to initiativer er at reducere antallet af malaria-relaterede dødsfald med 50 procent i 15 afrikanske stater og stille levetidsforlængende medicin til rådighed for omkring 800.000 AIDS-ramte afrikanere.

Denne mere bløde side af Bushs meget udskældte udenrigspolitik har ikke kapret mange overskrifter i de europæiske medier. Når man nu én gang har fået konstrueret et en-dimensionelt og ikke alt for kompliceret image af texaneren, er det naturligvis også ubelejligt at skulle forstyrre billedet med nuancer. Men i sandhedens tjeneste bør den siddende administrations Afrika-politik også finde vej til Bushs eftermæle.

Så se dog noget "Bullshit!"

Det er sjældent, man bliver positivt overrasket over, hvad man kan finde på 3+'s TV-programflade–eller for den sags skyld på de fleste andre danske TV-kanalers.  To aftener i denne uge har jeg dog været positivt overrasket–og ganske klækkeligt underholdt, nemlig af de amerikanske tryllekunstnere "Penn & Teller" og deres Emmy-nominerede TV-serie "Bullshit!", som nu kører på 5. sæson i USA.  Egentlig er jeg ikke meget for tryllekunstnere, specielt ikke dem af David Copperfield-typen (omend man da må anerkende mandens magiske evner for tilsyneladende i længere tid at have borttryllet Claudia Schiffers smag og dømmekraft).  Men den store storsnakkende Penn & den lille (bogstaveligt) intetsigende Teller er også noget ganske andet, og dem har jeg syntes godt om siden begyndelsen af 1990erne: Dels er de ret sjove, og dels er de undertiden ufatteligt politisk ukorrekte. 

Det skal jeg vende tilbage til nedenfor, men her foreløbig blot lidt reklame for serien, som altså ikke har så meget at gøre med tryllekunstnere, som den har med … bullshit.  Den handler i al sin enkelhed om–gerne med et godt grin–at afsløre, når folk lader som om de er seriøse, men det de præsenterer er noget skidt.  Så de første par aftener (to afsnit pr. aften) har nogle af mine yndlingsaverisoner fået med grovfilen: clairvoyante; miljø-dommedagsprofeter og Greenpeaceniks, som tror på menneskeskabt global opvarmning; alternativ medicin & alternativ behandling, o.s.v., o.s.v.  Til gengæld har "the good guys" været bl.a. folk fra Cato Institute og Bjørn Lomborg.  Andre afsnit, som ikke har været vist endnu, omhandler bl.a. konspirationsteorier, våbenlovgivning, recykling, passiv rygning o.l.  (Afsnit sendes og genudsendes på 3+: 28/1 22:00, 28/1 22:40, 29/1 23:20, 4/2 22:05, 5/2 23:25.)

Kan man ane en politisk linie?  Måske–og så kommer vi til, at Penn Jillette selv (i lighed med P.J. O'Rourke) er H.L. Mencken Fellow ved … Cato Institute–og ganske libertær i sine udmeldinger:

"Well, I'm a real total-freedom nut, a libertarian, and I'm one of those crazy optimists. Let people do what they want and everything will be okay." (interview, Boston Phoenix, July 2-8, 2004)

"I'm a hardcore libertarian. I want everything legal." (FilmForce.IGN.com website, October 13, 2003.)

"[I am] a Libertarian, pro-freedom, governs-least-governs-best, free market advocate." (Regulation magazine, Summer 2001.)

"We talk an awful lot about whether you have to stop at libertarianism or go on to anarchocapitalism." (Slate.com, February 4, 2006)

Jillette har også taget den såkaldte World's Smallest Political Quiz, hvor han scorede 100 ud af 100. "That was easy", sagde han efterfølgende.

Teller–som aldrig siger et ord i deres trylleshows eller TV-programmer–har været lidt mere fåmælt om politik, men under en online chat på WashingtonPost.com blev han spurgt om, hvem han ville stemme på i 2000, og han svarede:

"I am Libertarian. Democrats and Republicans, well, it's kind of like a 'magician's choice' — two identical incumbent organizations pretending to be different so that we will vote the same old mob back into power. I think our only hope is to support intelligent third-party candidates." (December 29, 2000.)

Penn & Teller er særligt optagede af ytringsfrihed.  Her er, hvad Penn for et årti siden sagde til Reason Magazine om Beavis & Butthead, vold og kunstnerisk ytringsfrihed:

Reason: How do you feel about the Beavis and Butt-head controversy?

Penn: Complete and utter insanity. There's no issue you can find that I could be further on one side of. The fact that Beavis and Butthead–cartoon characters!–are being blamed for things in the real world seems so close to insanity that I can't imagine believing it. There are two ways that I can see to argue this issue of the link between real violence and TV violence. One is to show that there's no [causal link] between the amount of violence someone watches and how they act in the real world. There just isn't. That's one way to go: [Researchers] didn't find anything, so shut up.

The other way to go is to just talk about the moral issue. To paraphrase Benjamin Franklin, those who sacrifice liberty for safety deserve neither. That' s all you need on this issue. The thing I said in The New York Times, which I probably shouldn't have said, since it probably weakens our side, is that, if in a country of 260 million people, all the art that we have done completely freely does end up killing four people a year, that's OK. That's an argument you're not supposed to make because it goes against the weird zero-risk society that we're supposed to be going towards. Even if it would turn out that three people who were predisposed to violence–not just inspired by the stuff, but motivated– committed a crime, that's OK.

One of the problems is that people confuse inspiration with motivation. If I'm the kind of person who's going to kill somebody, whether I do it Taxi Driver style, Beavis and Butt-head style, or Bible style is my decision. As far as I'm concerned, none of those artistic things enter into it at all. If I'm going to [kill] you, I don't care very much whether I light you on fire and say, "Heh, heh, cool," or say, "Suck on this," and shoot you in the stomach.

No one has an idea really of where we should draw the line. What about the Bible? Every nut who kills people has a Bible lying around. If you're looking for violent rape imagery, the Bible's right there in your hotel room. If you just want to look up ways to screw people up, there it is, and you're justified because God told you to. You have Shakespeare and you have Sophocles–what are we going to do, lose Oedipus Rex if someone pokes an eye out?"

Ugens citat: Peggy Noonan om Bush & State-of-the-Union

Den tidligere præsidentielle taleskriver Peggy Noonan fabulerer i sin ugentlige WSJ-klumme over, hvordan det mon i disse dage går med skrivningen af Bushs State-of-the-Union tale til kongressen onsdag, og hun nærmer sig et eksistentialistisk øjeblik:

"The small things are overthought. The big things are underthought. This is the way of government."

Resten af klummen er her.

Mangfoldighed, forskellighed, samfundsorden, indvandring

Fremmer mangfoldighed (diversity) vækst, velstand, tolerance, retssikkerhed, et blomstrende civilsamfund og alle de andre gode ting, som såvel liberale som alle andre efterstræber?

Ja, siger meningsdannernes mantra, der forlængst i USA og efterhånden også herhjemme har ført til en ekstrem forkvakling af debatten, der censurerer ubekvemme opdagelser eller endog forhindrer, at de gøres, og som fremmer en række klicheer, der kolporteres aldeles ukritisk.  Mangfoldighed sættes lig med flere interessante restauranter, varer i butikkerne, sprog på gaderne og spændende fremmede skikke.  Og det skal man da være et skarn for at foragte.

Men de gode ting, mangfoldigheden, den etniske og kulturelle, medfører, rækker ikke særlig dybt.  Det er der efterhånden en del, der ved, men de fleste af dem tør ikke tale om det.

En af dem er selveste Robert D. Putnam, der blev verdensberømt i 1990rne med sin bog om social kapital, vækst og demokrati baseret på case studies i italiensk historie og samfundsudvikling (How Democracy Works, Princeton 1993) og som siden videreudviklede sin analyse af social kapital og dens skrantende helbred i USA i Bowling Alone (Simon & Schuster 2000).

Putnams seneste projekt har været at undersøge, hvordan tillid mellem mennesker — som jo er en fundamental faktor i social kapital — har det under forskellige etniske betingelser.  Og han fandt at “etnisk diversity får os til at gå i forsvarsposition.  Effekten af diversity er værre, end vi kan forestille os.  Det er ikke engang sådan, at vi ikke har tillid til folk, der ikke ligner os.  I meget diverse samfund har vi ikke engang tillid til dem, der ligner os”.

Hmja, det kan jo ikke overraske nogen, der har blot et overfladisk kendskab til historien og besidder elementær sund fornuft om menneskers sociale natur.  Men det er eksplosiv tale fra en Harvard-professor og bestemt en af de sandheder, meningsmagthaverne (og de politiske, op til og med vore regeringschefer alle til hobe) ikke ønsker påpeget og slet ikke ønsker at diskutere.

Så bange var Putnam for sin egen opdagelse, som byggede på meningsmålinger og analyser af 26.000 personer i 40 amerikanske by- og landsamfund, at han i flere år nægtede at offentliggøre den, indtil han kunne finde på nogle trøstende løsninger at komme med.  Imidlertid afslørede han nogle af sine opdagelser til en journalist fra Financial Times, mens den ellers trofast progressive Los Angeles Times med udgangspunkt i Putnams forskning skrev:

Those who live in more homogeneous places, such as New Hampshire, Montana or Lewiston, Maine, do more with friends and are more involved in community affairs or politics than residents of more cosmopolitan areas, the study said.

Steve Sailer bringer det vigtigste af interviewet og en analyse dels af Putnams opdagelser og dels af det håbløse politisk-ideologiske klima, der censurerer den slags, her.

Se også, a propos Los Angeles, verdens mest multikulturelle by, Sailers omtale af en ny politiroman af James Wambaugh, der gjorde sig kendt for 30 år siden med realistiske romaner om politifolk i L.A., men ellers har været tavs længe.

Som følge af ideologisk motiverede anklager om racisme fik LAPD pålagt at arrestere flere hvide mænd, for der var for få af dem i politirapporterne i forhold til deres andel af befolkningen, og dette tal er for politiet ligesom for arbejdsgivere en slags Ti Bud, der afgør hvem der må ansættes og forfremmes og altså også i L.A., hvem der må arresteres.  Det er ikke noget, Wambaugh har fundet på, det er den vitterlige sandhed, og den betyder, at politiet må bruge ressourcer på at foretage tusindvis af meningsløse anholdelser med medfølgende papirarbejde for at dokumentere den racemæssigt korrekte arrestationstakt i stedet for at patruljere de farlige områder.

De vestlige eliters selvmordsdrift på alle vore andres vegne er i sandhed imponerende af omfang.

Dr. No som præsident

Et ukendt navn for langt de fleste danskere og amerikanere, men som nok er væsentligt mere kendt blandt en stor del af denne blogs læsere, er det amerikanske Republikanske kongresmedlem Ron Paul.  Paul, der er læge, har on/off siddet i kongressen som valgt i Texas, men er mest kendt for, at han i sin tid forlod Republikanerne og i 1988 stillede op som præsidentkandidat for Libertarian Party.

Præsidentvalgkampagnen blev der ikke meget ud af.  Selv Libertarian Party havde næppe ventet, at han ville blive valgt, eller blot få en to-cifret andel af stemmerne, og han fik da fordoblet stemmeandelen, men han–der givetvis er den mest scenevante og bedst talende kandidat, som det lille parti nogensinde har haft–klarede sig (med blot 0,5 pct. af samtlige stemmer) endda noget dårligere, end man kunne have ventet (hvilket sikkert skyldtes, at forestillingen om at få Michael Dukakis som efterfølger til Reagan var så skrækindjagende, at mange var villige til at holde sig for næsen og stemme på George H.W. Bush).  Siden vendte han tilbage til Republikanerne, blev valgt til kongressen igen, hvor han nu er kendt som “Dr. No”–fordi han stemmer nej til stort set alt.  At han da heller ikke er en holdningsmæssig opportunist blot fordi han er skiftet frem og tilbage mellem det store og det lille parti, fremgår f.eks. af, hvordan han præsenterer sig selv på sin hjemmeside:

“Congressman Ron Paul of Texas enjoys a national reputation as the premier advocate for liberty in politics today. Dr. Paul is the leading spokesman in Washington for limited constitutional government, low taxes, free markets, and a return to sound monetary policies based on commodity-backed currency. He is known among both his colleagues in Congress and his constituents for his consistent voting record in the House of Representatives: Dr. Paul never votes for legislation unless the proposed measure is expressly authorized by the Constitution. In the words of former Treasury Secretary William Simon, Dr. Paul is the “one exception to the Gang of 535″ on Capitol Hill.”

Paul er iøvrigt medlem af den libertarianske fraktion indenfor Republikanerne, Republican Liberty Caucus, og han ligger konsekvent blandt top-3 af Rep.Hus.medlemmer i dettes Liberty Index, som rater hvordan kongresmedlemmerne stemmer (med scores på mellem 80 og 100 pct.).

Og nu har Dr. No så meldt sig i feltet af kandidater til nomineringen som Republikanernes præsidentkandidat i 2008.  Det har næppe meget større sandsynlighed for at lykkes end forsøget i 1988, men der vil uden tvivl være flere, som bemærker kandidaturet denne gang–og dermed flere som hører budskaber, der kommer tættere på et klassisk-liberalt budskab end nogen anden præsidentkandidat for et af de to store partier siden … ja, meget, meget længe.  Og det er jo i sig selv ikke så skidt.

Her er uddrag fra en artikel om kandidaturet fra Associated Press:

Texas Congressman Seeks Presidency

By JOE STINEBAKER

The Associated Press
Thursday, January 11, 2007; 6:28 PM

HOUSTON — Rep. Ron Paul, the iconoclastic, nine-term lawmaker from southeast Texas, took the first step Thursday toward a second, quixotic presidential bid _ this time as a Republican.

Paul filed papers in Texas to create a presidential exploratory committee that will allow him to raise money. In 1988, Paul was the Libertarian nominee for president and received more than 400,000 votes.

Kent Snyder, the chairman of Paul’s exploratory committee and a former staffer on Paul’s Libertarian campaign, said the congressman knows he’s a long shot.

“There’s no question that it’s an uphill battle, and that Dr. Paul is an underdog,” Snyder said. “But we think it’s well worth doing and we’ll let the voters decide.”

Paul limits his view of the role of the federal government to those duties laid out in the Constitution. As a result, he sometimes casts votes at odds with his constituents and other Republicans.

He was one of a handful of Republicans to vote in 2002 against giving President Bush the authority to use military force in Iraq, contending that only Congress had the power to declare war. At times, he has voted against funds for the military.

Paul bills himself as “The Taxpayers’ Best Friend,” and is routinely ranked either first or second in the House by the National Taxpayers Union, a national group advocating low taxes and limited government.

Her er et link til teksten fra New York Times om samme emne.

PS. For de indforståede: En mangeårig først medarbejder og siden støtte for Ron Paul er Lew Rockwell, grundlægger og præsident for Ludwig von Mises Institute.  Rockwell og den afdøde “østrigske” økonom, historiker og politiske tænker Murray Rothbard var blandt de kraftigste støtter bag Ron Paul i 1988–og forlod efterfølgende Libertarian Party.  Det mig bekendt første sted, hvor man foreslog Paul som præsidentkandidat, var på Rockwells hjemmeside.  Her er Rockwells korte meddelelse om kandidaturet og et link til Ron Pauls artikler hos Rockwell.  Her er en lidt nyere–og nok noget urealistisk–post om emnet fra Rockwells blog.

Bartlett om Gerald Ford

Den amerikanske liberalistisk-orienterede, konservative forfatter og kommentator Bruce Bartlett skrev sidste år bogen "Impostor: How George W. Bush Bankrupted America and Betrayed the Reagan Legacy".  Titlen siger vist det hele.  Det syntes de også ved den iøvrigt ellers ganske gode frimarkedsorienterede tænketank, National Center for Policy Analysis, hvor Bartlett dengang arbejdede–så han blev fyret. Nu er han så denne måneds gæsteblogger på New York Times' blog.  Det kræver abonnement at kunne læse, så her kommer med saks og klister, hvad han forleden skrev vedrørende nyafdøde, Republikanske ekspræsident Gerald Ford.  Det er pænere, end man skulle tro–og pænere end hvad Bartlett har at sige om GWB:
With the passing of Gerald Ford, we have lost more than a former president who served the nation honorably in trying times. The Republican Party has also lost its last link to a tradition it once embraced. Gone now is any trace of the solid Midwestern ethics that Ford personified – things like not spending more than you take in, being skeptical about the use of force, and not imposing one's values on others.
Gone also is any trace of the Western-style libertarianism that Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan exemplified. Instead, we now have a Republican Party that has imposed vast financial costs on future generations just to win a few votes today, that is hasty and imprudent in the use of force, and that takes a virtually puritanical approach to imposing on everyone the views of evangelical Christians.
Ford and Reagan were much closer to each other philosophically than either of them would be to George W. Bush. Although Reagan and Ford faced off against each other for the Republican presidential nomination in 1976, they weren't really fighting over basic principles – on those, they mostly agreed with each other. The big debate was about political strategy and tactics.

The Reagan people thought that Ford was insufficiently bold in pursuing a conservative agenda – when he declined, for example, to propose a permanent tax cut and instead, in 1975, offered only a one-shot tax rebate. The Reagan people thought that the Ford people had essentially given up hope of turning around the ship of state and that the best they could do was just keep the ship from sinking on their watch.

Indeed, there was a certain fatalism to the way Ford viewed his options. He had been elected to the House of Representatives in 1948, and during all but two of his long years of service there, the Democrats were in the majority, and Republicans could do little to pursue their agenda. Moreover, in 1974, the Democrats greatly increased their majority, putting many aggressive liberals in positions of leadership for the first time. (The chairmanship of the House Democratic Caucus, for instance, passed from the relatively conservative Olin Teague of Texas to the liberal Phil Burton of California.)

Consequently, Ford saw no chance for any legislation that might fix the problems caused by price controls on energy or skyrocketing entitlement programs. He had his hands full just beating back measures that would have increased spending and made matters worse. But at least he knew how to use his veto pen and did so on 66 occasions in a little more than two years. The fact that Ford was overridden 12 times – the second largest number of any president * – shows just how difficult his political position was.

The circumstances of the time were atrocious. The nation suffered the worst economic recession since the Great Depression** on Ford's watch, yet inflation remained unacceptably high. The Vietnam War was officially lost while Ford was president. And the Soviet Union was at the peak of its military and political power.

The point is that it was not unreasonable to think, as Ford did, that the best that could be done was just to keep things from getting worse. Some of his younger aides, such as Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld, no doubt chafed at this reality. This may explain why they still exhibit a kind of bunker mentality when criticized. They remember too well the unfair criticism of Ford in 1975 and 1976, when many national problems were simply out of his control.

The more optimistic Reagan people saw the Ford approach as defeatism. In crisis there is opportunity, they thought. And as outsiders, they weren't awed by the power of the Democratic leadership, the national media or the federal bureaucracy. The Reagan people thought that strong leadership and new ideas about foreign and domestic policy could overcome these forces.

In 1976, Ford probably had the better of this argument. The country wasn't ready for Reagan that year, and Reagan himself wasn't really ready to be president either. The nation needed the experience of Jimmy Carter to make Reagan's presidency possible. The American people needed to give the conventional wisdom one last shot at fixing the country's problems before they would be open to new conservative ideas. And Reagan needed time out of office to study and think and discuss these ideas, and learn to articulate them and how to implement them.***

By contrast, the current President Bush came to office without ever having had the humbling experience of laboring for years as a minority leader in Congress or the long years of thought and study Reagan put in on the problems of public policy. From his life in the West, Bush picked up none of Goldwater's libertarianism, but instead absorbed the bravado and evangelicalism that are characteristic of many Texans.

I would be less concerned if I thought Bush was an isolated case of a president out of step with his own party, as Carter was. What bothers me is that I don't see anyone in the Republican Party today who exemplifies either Ford's philosophy or Reagan's. Yet I believe that many at the party's grass roots yearn for a leader who has Ford's humility and prudence and Reagan's optimism and love of ideas, and none of Bush's overconfidence and anti-intellectualism.

___

* Andrew Johnson was overridden the most times, with 15 overrides. Ford is tied with Harry Truman, but Truman served almost four times as long.

** It's a source of some irritation to me that politicians are always saying that the latest recession was the worst since the Great Depression. By any measure, the one Ford dealt with was the worst. Raw data can be found here.

*** To learn about the research Reagan did in the late 1970s and the evolution of his thinking, I strongly recommend reading "Reagan's Path to Victory," by Kiron Skinner, Annelise Anderson and Martin Anderson, which contains many of Reagan's own writings. Clearly, by 1980, he was much better prepared to be president than he was in 1976.